concept

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is a gonadotropin synthesized and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in response to high-frequency GnRH release. LH is responsible for inducing ovulation, preparation for fertilized oocyte uterine implantation, and the ovarian production of progesterone through stimulation of theca cells and luteinized granulosa cells. Prior to the LH surge, LH interacts with Theca cells that are adjacent to granulosa cells in the ovary. These cells produce androgens which diffuse into the granulosa cells and convert to estrogen for follicular development. The LH surge creates the environment for follicular eruption by increasing the activity of the proteolytic enzymes that weaken the ovarian wall allowing for passage of the oocyte. After the oocyte is released, the follicular remnants are theca and luteinized granulosa cells. Their function is now to produce Progesterone, which is the hormone responsible for maintaining the uterine environment that can accept a fertilized embryo.

Ref:
Holesh JE, Bass AN, Lord M. Physiology, Ovulation. 2023 May 1. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan–. PMID: 28723025.

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Added on May 25, 2022 by Barbara Van De Keer
Edited on Sep 19, 2023 by Barbara Van De Keer

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