concept

Granulosa cell

Granulosa cells are believed to originate from the ovarian surface epithelium.14 These pregranulosa cells surround primordial oocytes. The cohort of granulosa cells that surrounds each oocyte has an oligoclonal origin.15 Three to five parent cells are estimated to give rise to the full complement of granulosa cells in a mature follicle.15 In the follicle, granulosa cells receive no direct blood supply. They rest on a basal lamina that separates them from the vascularized theca interna. Consequently, there is a relative blood–follicle barrier that restricts access of high-molecular-weight substances, such as low-density lipoproteins (LDL), to the granulosa cell compartment. The key steroid hormone produced by granulosa cells is estradiol. The synthesis of this hormone requires a collaborative relationship between theca cells surrounding the follicle, which produce androgens (i.e., dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenediol, androstenedione, testosterone) in response to LH, which then diffuse into granulosa cells and are converted to estrogens (i.e., estrone, estradiol), by cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19A1) in granulosa cells, in response to FSH (Figure 18.3).

Ref:
Jerome F. Strauss, Bhavi Modi, Jan M. McAllister, Chapter 18 - Defects in Ovarian Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis, Editor(s): Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre, P. Michael Conn, Cellular Endocrinology in Health and Disease, Academic Press, 2014, Pages 285-309, ISBN 9780124081345, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-408134-5.00018-4. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124081345000184)

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Added on Sep 9, 2022 by Barbara Van De Keer
Edited on Sep 9, 2022 by Barbara Van De Keer

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