concept

Locus coeruleus

The locus coeruleus (from the Latin for ‘blue spot') communicates closely with the amygdala. It is the brain's main source of the neurotransmitter noradrenaline (norepinephrine). This chemical is excitatory and is released in response to pain or stress, stimulating what is referred to as the ‘fight-or-flight’ mechanism. This means that it activates the sympathetic nervous system. In the brain, noradrenaline (norepinephrine) is a neurotransmitter, but in the body it acts as a hormone and is released by the adrenal glands. When an addict is in withdrawal it is the resultant activation of the locus coeruleus that creates the unpleasant symptoms and sensations, such as insomnia, anxiety and panic. This occurs because activation of the VTA and NA applies the brakes to the locus coeruleus. When this activation stops, due to down-regulation, the brakes can no longer be applied. Remember, limbic structures want exclusivity and so, when talking, make other areas be quiet. The stress response as a result of activation here is very much linked to depression, panic and anxiety disorders and PTSD.

Ref:
CHAPTER 6 - The limbic (emotional) system, Editor(s): Kim Wager, Sue Cox, Auricular Acupuncture & Addiction, Churchill Livingstone, 2009, Pages 57-67, ISBN 9780443068850, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-06885-0.50014-8. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780443068850500148)

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Added on Sep 26, 2022 by Barbara Van De Keer
Edited on Oct 22, 2022 by Barbara Van De Keer

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