process

Glutamate synthesis from glutamine

Glutamate is a nonessential amino acid that does not cross the blood-brain barrier and must be synthesized in neurons from local precursors. The most prevalent glutamate precursor in synaptic terminals is glutamine. Glutamine is released by glial cells and, once within presynaptic terminals, is metabolized to glutamate by the mitochondrial enzyme glutaminase (Figure 6.9). Glutamate can also be synthesized by transamination of 2-oxoglutarate, an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Hence, some of the glucose metabolized by neurons can also be used for glutamate synthesis.

Ref:
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, et al., editors. Neuroscience. 2nd edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2001. Glutamate. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10807/

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Added on Sep 26, 2022 by Barbara Van De Keer
Edited on Sep 28, 2022 by Barbara Van De Keer

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