concept

Pancreatic β cells

Pancreatic alpha and beta cells play the predominant role in maintaining glucose homeostasis in humans and many laboratory animals and keep the blood glucose in the narrow range of 5–8 mM in response to the demands of feeding and fasting. Both cells have a threshold of approximately 5 mM glucose for stimulation of hormone release. The alpha cell is triggered to release glucagon when the glucose falls below this level, whereas the beta cell is activated to secrete insulin when this level is exceeded. Expressed differently, the inhibitory glucose dependency curve for alpha cells and the stimulatory glucose dependency curve for beta cells have their crossover point at 5 mM, which is the setpoint of the system for glucose homeostasis.

Ref:
F.M. Matschinsky, Insulin- and Glucagon-Secreting Cells of the Pancreas, Editor(s): William J. Lennarz, M. Daniel Lane, Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry (Second Edition), Academic Press, 2013, Pages 596-601, ISBN 9780123786319, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-378630-2.00046-3. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123786302000463)

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Added on Apr 30, 2022 by Barbara Van De Keer
Edited on Sep 25, 2022 by Barbara Van De Keer

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