process

Glutathione recycling

GSH is synthesized from l-glutamate, l-cysteine, and l-glycine in two ATP requiring steps catalyzed by the enzymes g-glutamyl cysteine ligase and glutathione synthetase. The cysteine thiol moiety gives GSH its antioxidant properties. The thiol is oxidized by cellular pro-oxidants, such as free radicals and reactive aldehydes, to form oxidized GSH disulfide (GSSG). The reduction of GSSG back to GSH requires NADPH and is catalyzed by the enzyme glutathione reductase, thus regenerating GSH for cellular antioxidant defense.

Ref:
Owen JB, Butterfield DA. Measurement of oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio. Methods Mol Biol. 2010;648:269-77. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60761-756-3_18. PMID: 20700719.

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Added on Feb 28, 2023 by Barbara Van De Keer

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